{"id":297,"date":"2024-06-07T16:00:12","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T20:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/?p=297"},"modified":"2024-11-25T10:04:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T15:04:34","slug":"totul-despre-glanda-tiroida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/en\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/","title":{"rendered":"Totul despre glanda tiroida"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ce este glanda tiroida?<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Tiroida este cea mai mare gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 din organism, fiind localizat\u0103 \u00een zona anterioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului, anterior de trahee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiroida este \u00een general alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 2 lobi tiroidieni uni\u021bi printr-un istm tiroidian de aici \u0219i asem\u0103narea cu litera \u201cH\u201d sau chiar cu forma unui fluture. Uneori, \u00een procent de aproximativ 30 % din cazuri, mai poate exista un lob ( cel de al treilea lob) denumit lob piramidal, acesta reprezent\u00e2nd un rest al canalului tireoglos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glanda tiroida are aproximativ 10-20 grame, \u00eens\u0103 aceast\u0103 valoare poate sa varieze \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103, de greutatea corporal\u0103, dar \u0219i de con\u021binutul \u00een iod.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stiati ca glanda tiroida se formeaz\u0103 ini\u021bial la baza limbii? <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen via\u021ba intrauterin\u0103, tiroida se formeaz\u0103 la nivelul bazei limbii continuandu-se cu ductul tireoglos. Aceast\u0103 localizarea nu este \u0219i cea final\u0103, urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 coboare p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivel cervical anterior, iar ductul tireoglos se va \u00eenchide ulterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acesta este motivul pentru care pot exista glande tiroide ectopice, adic\u0103 cu localizare anormal\u0103, de exemplu sub limba ( tiroida sublingual\u0103) sau localizata oriunde pe traseul ductului tireoglos, de la baza limbii p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een mediastin. Mai exist\u0103 situa\u021bii \u00een care din ductul tireoglos mai r\u0103m\u00e2n ni\u0219te resturi (vestigii) care vor forma a\u0219a numitele chisturi de canal tireoglos<\/em>, care pot r\u0103m\u00e2ne asimptomatice sau se pot suprainfecta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este important cu cine se \u00eenvecineaz\u0103 glanda tiroid\u0103?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Ei bine, este foarte important. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n
\n

Aceasta se afl\u0103 \u00een raport apropiat cu nervii laringei recurenti, esofagul \u0219i traheea. Aspect deosebit de important atunci c\u00e2nd tiroida creste \u00een dimensiune, deoarece poate sa exercite fenomene de compresie<\/em> asupra acestor structuri cu apari\u021bia difoniei<\/strong> (voce r\u0103gu\u0219it\u0103), disfagiei<\/strong> ( greutate la \u00eenghi\u021bit), dispneei<\/strong> (dificultatea de a respira). Dar nu numai \u00een acest caz, de exemplu \u00een cazul unei tumori tiroidiene cu agresivitate crescut\u0103, poate s\u0103 infiltreze tumoral <\/em>aceste structuri sau \u00een urma interven\u021biilor chirurgicale pot ap\u0103rea leziuni ale acestor structuri<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Din ce este format\u0103 glanda tiroida? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiroida este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din celule foliculare<\/em> care alc\u0103tuiesc foliculii tiroidieni ( unitatea morfo-functionala a tiroidei) \u0219i celule parafoliculare (\u201cC\u201d)<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Glanda tiroida poate p\u0103rea o mic\u0103 piesa de puzzle \u00een tot complexul organismului. \u00cens\u0103 o putem considera chiar piesa finala a puzzelului, deoarece importan\u021ba ei este invers propor\u021bional\u0103 cu dimensiunea ei. Prin intermediul hormonilor pe care ii secret\u0103, aceasta este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 controleze \u0219i sa regleze func\u021bia aproape tuturor celulelor din organism, plec\u00e2nd de la fibra muscular\u0103 pana la celula neuronal\u0103. Mai bine spus, aceasta atinge rolul de principal reglator al metabolismul celular.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care sunt hormonii tiroidieni?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • T4<\/strong> ( tiroxina) este principalul hormon tiroidian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • T3<\/strong> ( triiodotironina) este sintetizat par\u021bial de tiroid\u0103, iar principalul aport revine din conversia lui T4 \u00een T3 sub ac\u021biunea unor enzime denumite deiodinaze de tip 1 \u0219i 2. T3 este frac\u021biunea activa biologic.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • RT3<\/strong> (reversT3) este forma f\u0103r\u0103 activitate biologica<\/em> \u0219i se formeaz\u0103 sub ac\u021biunea deiodinazei de tip 3 care se g\u0103se\u0219te la nivelul  endometrului , placentar, fetal av\u00e2nd rol esen\u021bial \u00een a proteja f\u0103tul de excesul hormonilor tiroidieni materni. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Calcitonina<\/strong> este sintetizat\u0103 de celulele parafoliculare, av\u00e2nd rol hipocalcemiant tranzitoriu prin inhibarea osteoclastelor. Efectele fiziologice sunt \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een cercetare, neexist\u00e2nd un efect constant descris. Calcitonina serve\u0219te ca marker tumoral<\/strong> \u00een carcinomului medular tiroidian. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Care sunt principalele efecte ale hormonilor tiroidieni?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Calorigen ( producere de caldur\u0103) cu consum de oxigen \u00een toate \u021besuturile cu excep\u021bia testiculelor, splinei \u0219i creierului, astfel contribuind la cre\u0219terea metabolismului bazal<\/em>. \u00cen hipertiroidism<\/strong> ( sinteza crescut\u0103 de hormoni tiroidieni) se poate observa o intoleran\u021b\u0103 la caldur<\/strong>\u0103, iar \u00een hipotiroidism<\/strong> (sinteza sc\u0103zut\u0103 de hormoni tiroidieni) intoleran\u021b\u0103 la frig<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Rol \u00een dezvoltare osoas\u0103, esen\u021bial pentru dezvoltarea armonica a copiilor. Copiii cu hipotiroidism au o cre\u0219tere longitudinal\u0103 mai lent\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Asupra aparatului cardiovascular au rol \u00een reglarea ritmului \u0219i frecventei cardiace. Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, asigur\u0103 unui debit cardiac eficient prin reducerea rezistentei vasculare periferice \u0219i cre\u0219terea volumului de s\u00e2nge din vas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Asupra sistemului respirator au rol \u00een men\u021binerea r\u0103spunsului ventilator la hipoxie \u0219i hipercapnie. De aici gravitatea hipotiroidismului sever \u00een care datorit\u0103 faptului ca hipoxia \u0219i hipercania nu mai sunt decelate la nivel central apare hipoventilatia cu evolu\u021bie care insuficienta respiratorie<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Regleaz\u0103 motilitatea tractului intestinal, astfel \u00een caz de hipertiroidism<\/strong> o sa ap\u0103ra un tranzit intestinal mai accelerat cu apari\u021bia diareei, iar \u00een caz de hipotiroidism <\/strong>tranzitul intestinal este \u00eencetinit cu apari\u021bia constipatiei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • La nivel osos, hormonii tiroidieni stimuleaz\u0103 turnover-ul osos. \u00cen cazul hipertiroidismului<\/strong>, turnoverul este accelerat cu sc\u0103derea densit\u0103\u021bii minerale osoase cresc\u00e2nd riscul de apari\u021bie a osteoporozei, iar consecutiv a fracturilor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • La nivel muscular mentin turnoverul proteic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Control \u00een metabolismul glucidic \u0219i \u00een men\u021binerea colesterolemiei \u00een limite normale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Efecte asupra hormonului de cre\u0219tere \u0219i hormonilor sexuali. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Daca ave\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri nu ezita\u021bi sa le l\u0103sa\u021bi \u00een comentarii.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Ce este glanda tiroida? Tiroida este cea mai mare gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 din organism, fiind localizat\u0103 \u00een zona anterioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului, anterior de trahee. Tiroida este \u00een general alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 2 lobi tiroidieni uni\u021bi printr-un istm tiroidian de aici \u0219i asem\u0103narea cu litera \u201cH\u201d sau chiar cu forma unui fluture. Uneori, \u00een procent de aproximativ 30 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1152,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-category-2"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[]}},"yoast_head":"\nTotul despre glanda tiroida - EndoSun | Educa\u021bie medical\u0103 - Tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/en\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Totul despre glanda tiroida - EndoSun | Educa\u021bie medical\u0103 - Tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este glanda tiroida? Tiroida este cea mai mare gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 din organism, fiind localizat\u0103 \u00een zona anterioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului, anterior de trahee. Tiroida este \u00een general alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 2 lobi tiroidieni uni\u021bi printr-un istm tiroidian de aici \u0219i asem\u0103narea cu litera \u201cH\u201d sau chiar cu forma unui fluture. 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Tiroida este cea mai mare gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 din organism, fiind localizat\u0103 \u00een zona anterioar\u0103 a g\u00e2tului, anterior de trahee. Tiroida este \u00een general alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din 2 lobi tiroidieni uni\u021bi printr-un istm tiroidian de aici \u0219i asem\u0103narea cu litera \u201cH\u201d sau chiar cu forma unui fluture. Uneori, \u00een procent de aproximativ 30 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/en\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/","og_site_name":"EndoSun | Educa\u021bie medical\u0103 - Tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii!","article_published_time":"2024-06-07T20:00:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-25T15:04:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":2560,"url":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ThyroidDiseases_share-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Mihaela Spataru","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mihaela Spataru","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/"},"author":{"name":"Mihaela Spataru","@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/#\/schema\/person\/82bf963db06fe6b0f7a7dd27c907c6d7"},"headline":"Totul despre glanda tiroida","datePublished":"2024-06-07T20:00:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T15:04:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/"},"wordCount":834,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/#\/schema\/person\/82bf963db06fe6b0f7a7dd27c907c6d7"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ThyroidDiseases_share-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["Afectiunile glandei tiroide"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/","url":"https:\/\/doctormihaela.com\/totul-despre-glanda-tiroida\/","name":"Totul despre glanda tiroida - 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